Morphology of White Blood Cell

REGULATION OF ERYTHROPOIESIS 

Hello everyone! Thanks for reading and I hope you guys are feeling well and super good! :D . Talking about feeling good ,  do you guys know right now, your blood , specifically your red blood cells are carrying enough amount of oxygen all over your body to make sure that u wouldn't feel sleepy and exhausted? It must be a spoiler right to suddenly feel like that. Well thanks to your red blood cell, your body will get the right amount of oxygen according to your body demand. So how does RBC (red blood cell) regulate according to this demand ??? 

First of all , what is this ERYTHROPOIESIS?  Erythropoiesis means the process that produces red blood cell (RBC) or erythrocytes. So RBC functioning in transporting oxygen through out your body. 

(Red blood cell or erythrocytes)

HOWEVER, there are some condition where the human body demanding for a higher oxygen level or vice versa. In order to get right level of oxygen, the number of RBC needed to be increase or decrease because the Oxygen only can be transported in our body by binding to the RBC. Get it now? oxygen can't 'walk' alone in our body circulatory system. That's where regulation of erythropoiesis take place. 

There are a few factors that affect the erythropoiesis :

1. TISSUE OXYGENATION (MOST IMPORTANT!)
2. VITAMINS
3. METALS
4. PROTEINS
5. HORMONES

TISSUE OXYGENATION

Why does I state that tissue oxygenation is the most important is because any condition that relate to decreasing of tissue oxygenation will stimulate the regulation of erythropoiesis. Oh before that, tissue oxygenation is the addition of oxygen to our body tissue. Let me give a condition that can relate to tissue oxygenation. ANAEMIA is a condition where your body have low RBC number than normal range (refer above picture) → less oxygen transported → less oxygen diffused into tissue ( tissue HYPOXIA ) . BUT, WE HAVE A SAVIOUR . It's called as erythropoietin, a glycoprotein that helps to increase the production of red blood cell. This erythropoietin was produced mostly in the kidney and also in the brain, liver and uterus. There are two stimulants which are by RENAL mechanism and NON RENAL mechanism.

RENAL MECHANISM

Anemic blood flow to kidney → Low oxygen in blood → Renal TUBULAR CELL detects → stimulates production of erythropoietin

NON RENAL MECHANISM

• hypoxia that detected by non renal sensor ( not kidney part )

The erythropoietin will stimulates the production of RBC at red bone marrow. This regulation is very fast as it response to hypoxia within minutes, gladly right? RBC production will be around 5 days to full maturity. In sport sciences, scientist had found a way to increase the ability of athletes, especially for long distances runner that required a lot of oxygen and stamina. By having training at a higher altitude place. Why? At a higher altitude place, the oxygen level is low . With correct and constant exercise, the oxygen demand for the athletes body will increase and stimulate erythropoietin to increase number of RBC . When the athlete compete at a lower altitude place, there are more oxygen transported in the body and cause less dyspnea. MINDBLOWING. (dyspnea = respiration problem )